Africa

Republic of Cameroon

Republic of Cameroon

• Cameroon officially - Republic of Cameroon(from port. Rio dos Camarões- “river of shrimp”) - a state in the western part of Central Africa, washed in the southwest by the waters of the Gulf of Bonny (part of the Gulf of Guinea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean)

• The country's territory lies north of the equator. The southernmost point is less than 200 km away from it. The length of the coastline is about 320 km. It borders on the northwest with Nigeria, on the north and northeast on Chad, on the east on the Central African Republic, on the south on Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea.

Unusual way of communication

Geology of the Republic

• The topography of Cameroon is characterized by alternating mountains (Cameroon Mountains), plateaus and plains. Most of the Atlantic coast is occupied by accumulative lowlands (swampy in places) with wide estuaries. The active trachybasalt stratovolcano Cameroon (4100 m) rises apart on the coast. South of the Lobe River the coast becomes high and rocky. In the central part of the country, the blocky Adamawa Mountains rise up to 2460 m high (Chabal Mbabo), complicated by young lava covers and cones of extinct volcanoes. To the south of these mountains are the basement denudation plateaus, which occupy most of the territory of Cameroon. To the north of the Adamawa Mountains lies an elevated strata plain, bordered on the west by the low-altitude Mandara Mountains. The far north of the country is occupied by the lacustrine-accumulative plain of the Lake Chad depression, which is flooded during the rainy season. The extreme southeast of Cameroon lies on the edge of the Congo Trench

Climate

• Cameroon's climatic conditions vary in different parts of the country. In the south the climate is equatorial, constantly humid; in the center and north it is subequatorial, with rainy summers and dry winters (the duration of the dry season from south to north increases from 4 to 7 months). The western and southwestern slopes of the Cameroon volcano are the wettest place in Africa (up to 9655 mm of precipitation per year) and one of the wettest places in the world

Hydrology

• Cameroon's dense and abundant river network belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin, with the exception of the far north and northeast, whose rivers flow into Lake Chad. The largest river, the basin of which is entirely located in Cameroon, is the Sanaga. The rivers, originating on the northern slopes of the Adamawa Mountains, flow into the Benue, which is the main tributary of the Niger. Rivers flowing southeast flow into the Sanga, which belongs to the Congo Basin. Large reservoirs have been created for hydropower needs: Mbakau, Lagdo, Bamenjing

Flora

• Forests and woodlands occupy about half of the country's territory. Almost all tropical tree species grow in Cameroonian forests. The most typical are ficus, breadfruit, eucalyptus, and palm trees. There are many valuable species that are in demand on the world market: various types of mahogany, such as acajou, sipo, sapele; ebony, yellowwood and others, providing valuable ornamental and construction wood. There are many tree species with exceptionally hard (heavy) wood, among them one of the famous ironwood species - azobe; its wood is used in the port industry and for the manufacture of sleepers. The density of vegetation cover increases from north to south: as you move away from Lake Chad, desert savannas are replaced by typical ones, which in the central part of the country are replaced by open forests and deciduous evergreen forests, which are replaced in the south by moist evergreen equatorial forests with one of the highest levels of biodiversity in Africa. On the slopes of the Cameroon volcano, mountain evergreen forests above 3000 m give way to mountain meadows. Mangroves grow along the coast

Fauna

• The fauna is represented by 1000 species of birds, over 300 species of mammals, 200 species of reptiles. The forests are home to a variety of primates (monkeys, galagos, pottos, colobus monkeys, drills, chimpanzees, gorillas), elephants, hippopotamuses, and horned antelopes (bongos, sitatunga). In the savannas there are numerous giraffes, buffalos, antelopes, black rhinoceros, ostriches, marabou, bustards, and there are lions and leopards. The aquatic fauna is also rich. Over 130 species of fish are found in coastal waters, including many valuable commercial ones, as well as crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. The forests of the coastal strip are home to the Goliath frog, the largest living frog. The rivers of the Vuri, Sanaga, and Nyong basins are rich in freshwater fish.

Population

• There are about 250 ethnic groups in the country. The largest are Fang (21%), Bamileke (19%), Duala (11%), Fulani (10%), Tikar (7%)
• Official languages ​​- French and English
• Religions - 40% aboriginal cults, 40% Christians, 20% Muslims
• Literacy - 77% men, 60% women

5 Largest cities

• Douala - 2,132,000
• Yaounde - 1,812,000
• Garua - 573,000
• Bamenda - 546,000
• Marua - 437,000

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African countries.

The work was carried out by a 7th grade student of the Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School, village settlement Uktur, Komsomolsky district, Khabarovsk Territory, Verkhovtseva Alena Supervisor: Telmanova Natalya Nikolaevna

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North African countries. Algeria.

The Algerian People's Democratic Republic, a state in North Africa, belongs to the Maghreb countries. To the north it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea and borders Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Western Sahara, Mauritania and Morocco. Area 2381.7 thousand km2. Population 33.3 million people (2007). Capital Algeria.

Nature The north of the country occupies the central part of the Atlas Mountains. The Sahara Desert is located in the south of the country (Algeria accounts for most of its territory). Rocky deserts are called hamads, and sandy deserts are called ergs. In the south, in the Ahaggar highlands, there is the city of Takhat (3003 m), the highest point of the country. The climate of Northern Algeria is subtropical Mediterranean. The climate of the Algerian Sahara is tropical desert, with precipitation less than 50 mm per year. The river network is poorly developed (the largest is the Shelif River). Most watercourses do not have a constant flow. The vegetation cover and soils of Northern Algeria are typically Mediterranean. Among the forests and shrubs, there are tracts of cork oak (mainly in the Tel Atlas mountains); in the semi-desert - alpha grass. Large areas of the Sahara are devoid of vegetation. National parks: Djurjura, Akfadu, Tassilin-Ajjer, etc.

Algerian Atlas.

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Population of Algeria The majority (approx. 80%) of the population are Arabs. OK. 20% are Berbers, descendants of the ancient population of Algeria, consisting of several tribes loosely connected with each other. Nomadic tribes live in the desert, ch. Tuareg arr. The official language is Arabic, and French is widely spoken. The state religion is Islam, the vast majority of the population is Sunni. More than 95% of us live in Northern Algeria. country, mainly on the narrow coastal strip and in the massifs of Kabylia. Urban population 56%. Density 13.8 people/km2. There are large communities of Algerian Arabs in France, Belgium, and the USA. Economy Agrarian country. They cultivate mainly grains, grapes, vegetables, and fruits. Wine is produced for export. In semi-desert areas - collection and primary processing of alpha grass, used for the production of the best grades of paper. 95% of export earnings come from oil and gas sales.

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Countries of Western and Central Africa. Nigeria.

The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a state in West Africa. In the south it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea, in the northeast it reaches the shores of Lake Chad. It borders on Niger, Benin, Cameroon, and the Republic of Chad. Member of the Commonwealth. Area 923.8 thousand km2. The largest country in Africa by population (135 million people, 2007). Capital Abuja. The main city and de facto capital is Lagos. Nature The Niger River with its Benue tributary divides the country's territory into two parts: to the south of their valleys, most of the territory is occupied by the Maritime Plain, to the north there are low plateaus. The coastal plain is formed by river sediments and stretches for hundreds of kilometers from west to east. To the north, the terrain gradually rises and turns into stepped plateaus (Yoruba, Udi, Jos, etc.) with numerous outlier rocks. In the northwest, the plateau passes into the Sokoto Plain (the basin of the river of the same name), and in the northeast into the Bornu Plain. The climate throughout almost the entire territory of Nigeria is equatorial, monsoon. The rainiest and coolest month is August. The greatest amount of precipitation (up to 4000 mm per year) falls in the Niger Delta, in the extreme northeast - only 500 mm. The driest period is winter, when the harmattan wind blows from the northeast, bringing daytime heat and sharp daily temperature changes.

An outlier on the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria.

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Nigeria is characterized by savannas and tropical forests, distributed only on the Maritime Plain and in river valleys. In the north of the forest zone there are deciduous dry tropical forests. Almost half of the country's territory is occupied by tall grass (wet Guinean) savanna with sparse trees - kaya, isoberlinia, mitragyna. To the north of the high-grass savannah zone lies the dry Sudanese savannah with umbrella acacias, baobabs and thorny bushes. In the extreme northeast of the country lies the Sahel savannah with sparse vegetation. And only on the shores of Lake Chad is there an abundance of lush greenery, thickets of reeds and papyrus. Nigeria's fauna is also diverse, preserved in national parks and reserves. Elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, leopards, hyenas, numerous antelopes (including the forest dwarf antelope dik-dik) are widespread, large herds of buffalo are found, and in some places the scaly anteater, chimpanzee and gorilla, monkeys, baboons, and pottos are preserved. The world of birds is rich in forests, savannas, especially along river banks.

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Population Ethnic composition: over 250 nationalities and groups, the most numerous: Fulani and Hausa 29%, Yoruba 21%, Ibo 18%, Ijaw 10%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%, Bini, etc. About 50% believers are Muslims, 40% are Christians (mostly Protestants), 10% adhere to traditional beliefs. The official language is English. The settlement of peoples and tribes does not coincide with the division of the country into states. This has repeatedly led to armed conflicts. There is discord between Christians and Muslims. Population density 144.9 people/km2. Urban population 39%. Economy Nigeria's economy is based on the oil industry and agriculture. Tin, limestone and natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, thorium, zircon, uranium, polymetallic ores, gold, etc. are mined in significant quantities. Up to 50% of the economically active population is employed in agriculture. Cocoa, rubber and palm kernels are the only export crops. For domestic consumption, cassava, yams and sweet potatoes, sorghum and millet, corn, rice, peanuts, oil palm, and cotton are grown. Growing pulses, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits plays an important role in crop production. Peanut harvest Livestock farming is extensive. OK. 90% of the livestock population is concentrated in the northern part of the country (where there is no tsetse fly). Traditional leather dressing is preserved; leather made from goats, “red morocco,” is especially valued. Domestic production is not enough to feed its rapidly growing population and Nigeria is an importer of food, especially grain. Approximately one-eighth of the country is covered by forests and the country has the necessary potential for the development of the timber industry, but predatory deforestation has hampered the development of this industry and has been the cause of catastrophic droughts since the 1960s. Despite the growth in production, the manufacturing industry remains largely small-scale. With the help of the USSR, a metallurgical plant was built in Ajaokuta. There are assembly lines at the Volkswagen, Peugeot, and Fiat factories. The currency is naira.

Sacks of peanuts stacked in a pyramid.

Oil pipeline pumping station.

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Countries of East Africa. Ethiopia.

ETHIOPIA, a state in northeast Africa. Area 1.1 million km2. Most of the territory of Ethiopia occupies the Ethiopian Highlands (altitude up to 4623 m, Ras Dasheng); in the northeast - the Afar depression, in the southeast - the Ethiopian-Somali plateau. Almost the entire territory of Ethiopia is a zone of high seismicity, because... located in the Great African Rift zone. The climate is tropical desert and semi-desert in the northeast, subequatorial in the rest of the region. Average monthly temperatures are 13-18 °C (Addis Ababa). Precipitation ranges from 150-600 to 1500-1800 (in some places less than 50) mm per year. Large rivers - Blue Nile, Atbara, Webi-Shebeli. Shrub deserts, semi-deserts, desert savannas. In the southwest there are tropical rainforests. National parks - Awash, Gambela, Simen, etc. Population 76.5 million people (2007), mainly Amhara peoples (about 40% of the population), Oromo (over 40%), Tigrayans and others (more than 100 peoples) . The official language is Amharic. Most of the believers are Muslims and Christians.

The Great Rift Valley stretches from north to south and in some places reaches 65 km in width and 600-900 m in depth.

The capital is Addis Ababa.

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Ethiopia is an agricultural country.

The main branch of agriculture is crop production. Crops of grains, legumes, oilseeds; The main export crop is coffee. Livestock: breeding cattle, sheep and goats. Fishing. Craft production has been developed: weaving, processing of leather, bone, wood, etc. Industries of industrial production: mining (platinum, gold mining), oil refining, metalworking industry, light industry, food industry, Electricity production 1.3 billion kWh (1995 ). The largest hydroelectric power station is Fincha (100 MW). The length of railways is 0.78 thousand km (1993), roads - 28.3 thousand km (1996). Ports: Massawa, Assab; foreign trade mostly goes through the port of Djibouti. Main foreign trade partners: USA, European Union countries, Japan, Russia. The monetary unit is birr.

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Countries of Southern Africa South Africa is the country of gold and diamonds.

Cape Town

THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA (RSA) is a country in southern Africa. Area 1.2 million km2. The capital is Pretoria, the seat of parliament is Cape Town. South Africa occupies the southern edge of the South African Plateau, elevated at the edges (the Drakensberg Mountains in the east, individual peaks over 3000 m) and limited by the steep slopes of the Great Escarpment. In the south are the Cape Mountains.

The climate is tropical and subtropical. The average temperature in January is 18-27 °C, in July 7-10 °C. Precipitation ranges from 60 mm on the coast, 650 mm on the plateau and up to 2000 mm per year on the eastern slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains. The main rivers are the Orange and Limpopo. In the east there is savannah, south of 30°S. w. - subtropical forests and hard-leaved evergreen shrubs, on the mountain slopes - subtropical and monsoon forests; in the interior there is desert savannah, steppe, shrub semi-desert and the Karoo Desert. National parks - Kruger, Kalahari-Gemsbok, etc., numerous nature reserves and reserves.

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Population and economy of South Africa

Population 43.99 million people (2007), including Africans (76%; Zulu, Xhosa, etc.), mestizos (9%), people from Europe (13%), mainly Afrikaners (Boers) and English. Urban population 55.4% (1996). The official languages ​​are Afrikaans and English. Believers are mostly Christians and adherents of local traditional beliefs

South Africa is an industrial-agrarian country with a high level of economic development, the most economically developed state in Africa. South Africa occupies one of the first places in the world in the production of gold, platinum, chromite, manganese ore, antimony, and diamonds. They mine uranium, iron ore, copper, asbestos, etc. Ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, oil refining, cement, textile, food industries. In agriculture, marketable products are provided by large farms. The basis of agriculture is livestock raising: sheep and goats, cattle. Main crops: corn, wheat, sugar cane. They also cultivate sorghum, peanuts, tobacco, citrus fruits and grapes, sunflowers, etc. Length of roads (1996, thousand km): railways 21.6, paved roads 54. The most important seaports: Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London The country is experiencing a tourism boom, tourism revenues amount to billions of dollars. Exports: mineral and agricultural raw materials, agricultural products, diamonds, mining equipment. Main foreign trade partners: Great Britain, USA, Germany, Japan. The currency is the South African rand.

South Africa

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South Africa. Check your neighbor! Tanganyika Masai Savannah. Option 2 Addis Ababa Mountain river. Nile Ethiopia Abyssinia. Trace the alternation of natural zones in South Africa using the atlas map (atlas, p. 15). Republic of South Africa) is a state located in the southern part of the African continent. The length of the coastline is 2,798 km. The capital is Cape Town. South Africa (South African Republic). Relief features and minerals. Climate and inland waters. Natural areas. Population. - South Africa.ppt

East African countries

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Countries of East Africa. Olga Klimentova. Location of East African countries. East Africa extends from Sudan to the Congo Basin. Relief and climate. Climate. Relief. The entire eastern edge of Africa is under the influence of the Indian monsoons. East Africa differs from other regions of the continent in the predominance of mountainous terrain. Kenya. Somalia. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. The capital of Somalia is Mogadishu. Tanzania. Ethiopia. The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa. Economic development. The peoples of East Africa are engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. In arid areas, nomadic pastoralists graze herds of camels, sheep and goats. - East African countries.ppt

Republic of Guinea

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Republic of Guinea. Observations. Yellow fever vaccinations. History of the formation of the state. Hired workers. French colonialists. Power in the country. Flag and coat of arms of Guinea. Anthem of Guinea. Guinean anthem text. Geographical position. Relief of the country. Islands. Climate. Wet part of the country. Vegetable world. Papaya. Tropical plants. Animal world. Landscapes. Population. Guineans. Official language. Child. Employed workers. Political system. Currency. Economy. Education. Turn. Higher education and science. Life of the Guineans. On the streets of Conakry. Quarters of Conakry. The culture of the country's inhabitants. - Republic of Guinea.ppt

Madagascar

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Madagascar. General characteristics. Madagascar is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel. The territory of the state occupies 596 thousand square kilometers. The Republic of Madagascar is divided into 6 provinces. This country has two official languages ​​- Malagasy and French. The main religions in the republic are Christianity and Islam. The currency in Madagascar is the Malagasy franc. Climate. One third of the territory of the Republic of Madagascar covers the highlands. The eastern coast is occupied by coastal lowlands, and the western coast is occupied by low plains. The climate of the Republic of Madagascar is tropical. - Madagascar.ppt

Nigeria

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African country: Nigeria. The country's area is 923,768 km2. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja. LAGOS is the former capital and largest city of Nigeria. Population of Nigeria. Annual growth - 2%. Infant mortality - 93 per 1000 (11th highest in the world). Ethnic composition: more than 250 aboriginal peoples and tribes. The largest ethnic groups are: Yoruba - 21%, Hausa and Fulani - 29%, Igbo - 18%. Literacy of the population over 15 years of age is 68% (2003 estimate). The majority of the country's population speaks two or more languages. There are two dominant religions in Nigeria. Protestantism and Catholicism are practiced by the Ibibio, Annang and Efik peoples. - Nigeria.ppt

Country Nigeria

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Nigeria. A country. Western. Africa. Story. Attractions. Economy. Cities. People have inhabited the territory of Nigeria since ancient times. A distinctive feature of this culture were terracotta figurines. On October 1, 1960, Nigeria became an independent state. The opposition was represented by the Action Group led by Obafemi Awolowo. The short period of the "first republic" is over. The military attempted to establish a unitary state in Nigeria, divided into provinces. The country returned to a federal system. Abeokuta. Lagos. Maiduguri. Natives. Geography. In the past, it was the main city of the Egbe people in the eastern part of Upper Guinea. - Country Nigeria.ppt

Ethiopia

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Geography presentation on the topic "Ethiopia". Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Area: 1,127,000 sq. km. Population: 55 million people. Yellow fever vaccinations are required. Ethiopia. Unlike other African countries, it has never been colonized. In the past, the country was often called Abyssinia. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa. Animals of Ethiopia... Climate. Ethiopia's climate is largely dependent on altitude. Language. Population. Shoa, Gojam, Begemder). Wollo, Arussi, Kaffa, Vol-lega, Harar, Sidamo. By relpg. belonging to more than 1/2 of us. E. - Christians of the Monophysite persuasion; most of the rest of us. - Muslims. - Ethiopia.ppt

Country Ethiopia

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Ethiopia. General information. Territory: State in East Africa. Capital: Addis Ababa Country area: about 1,130,000 km2. Population of Ethiopia: about 58.39 million people. Largest cities: Addis Ababa, Diredawa, Gonder, Nazret. Average life expectancy: 46 years for men, 49 years for women. Language: Amharic (Amarinya) – state language. Religion: Ethiopian Orthodox Church - 45-50%, Islam - 35-40%, paganism - 12%. Currency: Birr (100 cents). State symbols. Coat of arms of Ethiopia (1975). Ethiopia flag. State emblem of Ethiopia (1996). History of Ethiopia. - Country Ethiopia.ppt

Lesson on South Africa

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South Africa. Johannesburg. SOUTH AFRICA. 1. Historical background 2. Natural resource potential 3. Development of industry and agriculture. Why is South Africa the most developed country in Africa? Features of the country's situation. The wealth of South Africa. History of the country. Then the Bantu tribes invaded from the north. In 1488 After the discovery of the southern tip of Africa by the Portuguese, the colonization of the country began. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Cape Colony became a lesson. English hands. Old coat of arms of South Africa. The wavy line of intersection of the shield symbolizes the Orange River. The theme of the country’s unity is also heard in the Latin motto “Ex unitate vires” (“There is strength in unity”). -

Country South Africa

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South Africa. General information. Geographical location of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa is washed by two oceans - the Atlantic and Indian. The mountains form the natural border of the Republic of South Africa with the enclave of Lesotho. Only in the coastal strip are there small plains. The rivers in the north of the country are seasonal (Kuruchan, Phepane, Molopo). In the west there are many salt lakes (Bolshoye, Fernekpan). Climate of South Africa. On the southwest coast the climate is Mediterranean type (subtropical marine). The highest temperatures are observed in the interior of the country - in the Kalahari (52C). In the rest of the territory, annual precipitation is 400-800 mm. - Country South Africa.pptx

South Africa today

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South Africa. Republic of South Africa. State in southern Africa. It is washed by the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Area 1.2 million km2. Religion. Almost 80% of the population of South Africa are adherents of the Christian faith. Other numerous religious groups are Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. In the south are the Cape Mountains. The main rivers are the Orange and Limpopo. Victoria Falls. Climate. The climate is tropical and subtropical. Official languages. According to statistics from 1996, the most widely spoken language is Zulu. It is spoken by about 22.9% of the population. English is spoken by about 8.6% of the population. - South Africa Today.ppt

South Africa in Africa

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Lesson topic: South Africa. UNK: economic map of Africa, atlas, presentation. Republic of South Africa. Business card. Member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Historical past. Geographical position. South Africa is washed by the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Natural features of South Africa. Reserves. National parks and reserves have been created to protect the fauna in South Africa. The country has 16 national parks and one protected lake. Kruger National Park. Population of the country. The remaining ethnic groups are relatively small. Population density of South Africa. Natural resources. Mining and manufacturing industry. - South Africa in Africa.pptx

"South Africa" ​​geography

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Republic of South Africa

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South Africa. Zimbabwe. Namibia. The city is named after the first architects - Johan Rissik and Johan Hubert. It is not the capital of the country, but the Constitutional Court of South Africa is located there. Problematic question: Why is the South African Republic called a country with a dual economy? Famous natural objects. Peak LION'S HEAD. DEVIL Peak. Peak of the TWELVE APOSTLES. PROTEA FLOWER is the symbol of South Africa. It was dug by hand with picks and shovels by diamond miners. It is the largest quarry developed by people without the use of technology. Population of the country. The remaining ethnic groups are relatively small. - South Africa.ppt

South Africa national parks

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Ivanova Nastya. "Travel to South Africa." First day The capital of South Africa. The administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa - Pretoria - was renamed Tshwane. The world's only dodo bird egg is kept in the East London Museum. Second day Cape Town is a pearl city. Cape Town is the cleanest city in South Africa. George's Mall, surrounded by numerous cafes, bars and historical buildings. Hotel room rates start from $400. Third day National parks and reserves. The country's beautiful reserves are known to most of the world's inhabitants. Nearby is the famous Tugela Falls (948 m) from five cascades.

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Nigeria is located in West Africa on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, being the 32nd country in the world and the 14th in Africa by territory. The total length of the state border is 4047 km: in the west - with Benin (773 km), in the north - with Niger (1497 km), in the northeast - with Chad (87 km), in the east - with Cameroon (1690 km); The coastline is 853 km.

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In Nigeria, at least 6 cities have a population of more than 1 million people (Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Kaduna, Port Harkot and Benin City). Lagos is home to more than 10 million people and is one of the largest cities in Africa and the world. LAGOS is the former capital and largest city of Nigeria

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Population of Nigeria The population of Nigeria is 152.2 million (estimated as of July 2010, 8th place in the world). Annual growth - 2%. Infant mortality - 93 per 1000 (11th highest in the world). Average life expectancy is 46 years for men, 48 years for women (220th place in the world). Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 3.1% (2007 estimate, 2.6 million people - 3rd place in the world). Ethnic composition: more than 250 aboriginal peoples and tribes. The largest ethnic groups are: Yoruba - 21%, Hausa and Fulani - 29%, Igbo - 18%. Literacy of the population over 15 years of age is 68% (2003 estimate).

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For various languages ​​in Nigeria, a pan-Nigerian alphabet based on Latin was developed in the 1980s. The official language of Nigeria is English; Edo, Efik, Adawama Fulfulde, Hausa, Idoma, Igba, Central Kanuri, and Yoruba are also widely spoken among the population. In total, there are 527 languages ​​in Nigeria, of which 514 are living, 2 are second without native speakers, 11 are dead. Local languages ​​are used mainly for communication and in the media, and some languages ​​are also taught in schools. The majority of the country's population speaks two or more languages.

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There are two dominant religions in Nigeria. Islam dominates in the north of the country, and is also common in the southwestern part of the Yoruba people. Protestantism and local syncretic Christianity are also common among the Yoruba, while Catholicism predominates among the Igbo people. Protestantism and Catholicism are practiced by the Ibibio, Annang and Efik peoples. Twelve states in Nigeria have Sharia law.

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State structure Nigeria is a multi-party republic. Nigeria is a federal presidential republic. The constitution that is in force today in Nigeria was adopted in 1999 on May 29.

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Legislative branch Bicameral National Assembly Upper house - Senate (109 seats). Senators are elected by a majority system in 36 three-member and one single-member districts. The President of the Senate is elected by indirect voting from the senators. Lower house - House of Representatives (360 seats). Deputies are elected using a majority system of relative majority. The term of office of all deputies is 4 years. 73 seats in the Senate and 213 in the House of Representatives are controlled by the pro-presidential People's Democratic Party (PDP) (centrists). The All People's Party (Conservatives) has 28 and 95 seats.

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Executive branch The President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of 4 years and can hold office for no more than two consecutive terms. In May 2006, the Senate refused to approve a constitutional amendment allowing the president to serve a third term. The current president is Goodluck Jonathan.

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Main industries: Oil, textile, footwear, chemical, cement production. Nigeria is the main producer of lumbita. Extraction of oil, coal, tin, columbite; production of palm oil, cotton, rubber, processing of hides and leather, textile production; cement and other building materials; food industry; shoe production; chemical products and fertilizers; aluminum production.

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The Nigerian naira currency was introduced into circulation in the country on January 1, 1973, replacing the Nigerian pound.

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Climate of Nigeria The climate is influenced by two air masses - equatorial sea air associated with moisture-carrying winds, and tropical continental air associated with the dry and dusty harmattan wind, which blows from the Sahara Desert. There are two seasons - wet (March - September), which in the south of the country is separated by a short dry interval in August, and dry (October - February). There is more precipitation in the south than in the north. The average annual precipitation on the coast is 1800-3800 mm, and on the northern edge of the country it is less than 25 mm. Sweltering heat and severe thunderstorms herald the beginning and end of the wet season, but between May and August, when most of the rainfall occurs, severe, short-lived thunderstorms give way to more persistent rainfall. Average temperatures are high and approximately the same in the north and south of the country. In the south, humidity is also high with constant heat, although temperatures rarely exceed 32 ° C, while in the north there are seasonal differences, and during the dry season there are significant daily temperature fluctuations. In the northeast, temperatures in the shade can reach 38° C. There are also frosts.

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Fauna of Nigeria The distribution of animals depends on the vegetation. The southern swamps and forests are home to crocodiles, monkeys and snakes, while the north contains antelope (several species), camels, hyenas, and the occasional giraffe and lion. Other animals common to tropical forests and wet savannas are elephants, gazelles, gorillas and leopards. The rivers are home to numerous species of fish, crocodiles and hippos. African bustards, vultures, kites, hawks, snipes, quails, pigeons, ostriches and parakeets live here.

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Flora of Nigeria Mangrove and freshwater wetland forests dominate the coast, but are then replaced by a belt of dense tropical forest, in which the main tree species are kaya (mahogany), Chlorophora high and Triplochiton durum. The oil palm grows wild in tropical rainforests; in densely populated areas, the bushes of this palm have replaced the forest. In more northern areas, the forest thins out and is replaced by tall grass. This is the Guinean savannah, in which trees such as baobab, false locust and tamarind grow. More open savannas occur north of the line marking the northern limit of root crop production, while desert landscapes predominate in the far northeast. Acacia (a source of gum arabic) and mimosa are common there.

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Nigerian Culture Nigerian culture has a rich history and is a fusion of many subcultures of various communities living in the state.

Slide 17

Music The style of folk music in Nigeria is associated with the many ethnic groups in the country, each of which has their own musical instruments and songs. Little is known about the country's musical history before European colonization, although evidence from excavations suggests that various objects were painted with images of musicians and their instruments beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Slide 18

Literature Nigeria has many talented writers. Many of them have won awards in literary competitions, including: Daniel Fagunwa, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Femi Osofisan, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Cyprian Ekwenzi, Buchi Emecheta, Elechi Amadi and Ben Okri.

Slide 19

Cinema Nigeria is the world's second largest producer of feature films (872 films in 2006), second only to India (1,091 films) and ahead of the United States (485 films). The Nigerian film industry is called Nollywood by analogy with Hollywood. The average cost of producing a feature film in Nigeria is about $15,000.

Slide 20

Sports The national sport, as in many countries, is football. The football team has achieved significant success, taking part in four World Cups in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2010, and winning the African Cup in 1980 and 1994. In 1996, Nigeria won gold at the Olympics, defeating Argentina in the final. In 2005, the Nigerian national team played in the final of the World Under-20 Football Championship. In 2007, Nigeria won the World Under-17 Football Championship for the third time (Brazil has the same number of victories). Many Nigerian footballers play in European championships.

Slide 21

Nigeria also participates in other sports such as: basketball, cricket and athletics. Boxing is also a popular sport in Nigeria

Slide 22

Nigeria in the persons of Dick Tiger - Nigerian Boxing Champion (1953), British Commonwealth Champion (1958-1960), World Middleweight and Light Heavyweight Champion. Recognized as the best boxer in 1962, 1966.

Slide 23

Samuel Peter is a Nigerian professional boxer who competes in the heavy weight category. Former world heavyweight champion.

Slide 24

Peter Osa Ze Odemwie Ngiene is a Nigerian and Russian football player, player of the Nigerian national team, in which he was three times bronze medalist of the African Cup of Nations, forward of the English club West Bromwich Albion.

Slide 25

Chi Di O is a Nigerian footballer, defender of CSKA Moscow and the Nigerian national team. Winner of the Russian Super Cup: 2004, 2006, 2009. Winner of the African Youth Cup: 2001. Winner of the UEFA Cup: 2004/05.

Slide 26

Augustin Eguavon is an excellent coach and football player. At one time he served as captain of the Nigerian national team. He also became the first African to take part in the Russian championships.

Slide 27

Soyinka Wole is a Nigerian playwright, writer and poet. He writes poetry in Yoruba, prose and drama in English. Winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature “for creating a theater of enormous cultural perspective and poetry.”

Slide 2

Lesson objectives:

• Introduce students to the colonial past of the mainland and its modern political map;
• Name and show the largest countries by area;
• Determine the geographical location of the country and its capital using a map;
• Be able to write a profile of a country.

Slide 3

Issues for discussion:

• What can a political map tell you?
• What information about the countries of the world can you learn from it?
• Which countries are among the major countries in Africa?
• Which African countries are landlocked?
• Which African countries belong to Northern, Western, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa?

Slide 4

The population of Africa exceeds 906 million people;

The highest population density in the Nile Delta is 1000 h/km²;

Less than 1% of Africa's population lives in the Sahara Desert, which occupies ¼ of the continent;

According to natural conditions and population composition, Africa is divided into four parts: Northern, Western and Central, Eastern, Southern.

Slide 5

A little history.

• At the beginning of the 20th century, almost the entire territory of Africa was turned into a continent of colonies.
• Africa was a gigantic market.
• Gold Coast - so back in the 15th century. called the coast of Ghana.
• The Pepper Coast was the name given to a low-lying area of ​​the Atlantic Ocean in Liberia.
• Until 1986, the Republic of Côte di Voire was called Ivory Coast.
• The coast of the Gulf of Guinea was infamously known as the Slave Coast.
• At the end of the 20th century, Africa became a continent of independent states.

Slide 7

sandy desert

Slide 8

Rocky desert.

Slide 9

Algiers - capital of Algeria

Algiers is the capital, economic and cultural center of Algeria.

• It was founded in the 10th century. on the site of the ruins of the Roman settlement of Icosium.
• Population – 1.661 million people.
• Algeria, located on the Mediterranean coast, is a port and international airport.
• The city has a metro, a university, a Great Mosque (1096) with a minaret (1323).
• In 2003, the city was heavily damaged by an earthquake.
• Developed industries: mechanical engineering, food, chemical, textile.

Slide 10

Egypt

Slide 11

El Giza. Pyramids of Cheops, Khafre, Menkaure. Great Sphinx.

Pyramids of the pharaohs of the IV dynasty (28-27 centuries BC). Cheops (height 147.5 m), Khafre (143.5 m), Mankaura (66 m).

Slide 12

Cairo is the capital of Egypt.

Cairo is located on the Nile River. It is one of the largest cities in the world with a population of 8.1 million people.

The headquarters of the Arab League is located here. In Cairo there are the Academy, the Institute of Egypt,

Cairo University, Research Institute, the largest National Library (1 million items), Military Museum (collection of weapons throughout the history of Egypt), Papyrus Institute, Perfumery Museum, Museum of Islamic Art (62 thousand exhibits), Coptic Museum, Geyer Anderson Museum, museum of modern art, geological museum, zoo, botanical garden.

34 mm per year. In April - May, a hot wind blows - khamsin.

Slide 13

Morocco

Slide 15

Casablanca. Hassan II Mosque.

Slide 16

The state of Ghana is located in West Africa and has a second name of “Gold Coast”. It is enough to fall in heavy rain for the exposed grains of gold to glow. They are sometimes found on the unpaved streets of towns and cities. To obtain gold, miners use the mercury amalgamation method, which leads to soil contamination.

This East African country, Rwanda, is called the land of a thousand hills and seven volcanoes. In Rwanda, hard work is imbibed with mother's milk. The harvest lasts all year round, and the farmer cannot relax, otherwise he will not be able to harvest two harvests a year. That’s why imitating a lizard basking in the sun during the day means covering yourself with shame and being branded a lazy person.

Slide 17

Nigeria

Slide 18

The largest country in Africa in terms of population

• Abuja, the capital of Nigeria since 1991, is located in the central part of the country and has favorable climatic conditions.
• Nigeria is located in the lower Niger River basin and stretches from the Gulf of Guinea to Lake Chad.
• The Niger River and its tributaries divide the country into two parts: the southern lowlands and the northern highlands.
• The country's subsoil is rich in oil, iron ore and non-ferrous metal ores.
• Nigeria is inhabited by over 250 nationalities and ethnic groups.
• It is an agricultural country with a developing industry. Farming is practiced here all year round.
• Lagos is the country's sea gate, one of the largest ports on the west coast of Africa. It is the largest political, economic and cultural center of the country.
• The name Lagos was given by the Portuguese who landed at the end of the 15th century. off the coast of modern Nigeria.

Slide 19

In Botswana, a common road sign is a blue triangle with a white cow symbol, since after diamonds, livestock is the main wealth. In modern Botswana there are more cows than people.

In Zimbabwe there is another road sign: “Caution! Crocodiles! He warns tourists and locals about attacks by crocodiles living in the Zambezi River and Lake Kariba. Now there are about two million toothy monsters - amphibians.

Slide 20

Ethiopia

Slide 21

Ethiopia.

Addis Ababa. Adua Square.

• Ethiopia is the oldest state in Africa, the “bread basket” of the East.
• Most of the country is located on the Ethiopian Highlands, which lies on a fault belt. There are frequent earthquakes here.
• The craters of extinct volcanoes are occupied by lakes.
• Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia since 1889, translated from Amharic as “New Flower”
• The city's population is 2.7 million people.
• Currently, it is a national center for higher education, banking, insurance and trade. The headquarters of the UN Economic Commission for Africa and the Organization of African Unity are located here.
• Ethiopia is an agricultural country.
• The main place among agricultural crops is occupied by grains. Citrus fruits are grown in the gardens,
• pomegranates, bananas.
• Ethiopia is the birthplace of valuable varieties of wheat, rye and millet, as well as coffee.
• The Kaffa region is the main region producing coffee for export.