The causative agent of trichomoniasis is the simplest single-celled organism - Trichomonas. This microorganism has the ability to live and develop even in the absence of oxygen; the vital activity of protozoal bacteria occurs in the human body.

A urogenital pathogen can be identified using instrumental and laboratory diagnostic measures. It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms and medical examination alone. Trichomoniasis can be confirmed using the following studies:

• Laboratory examination of a smear taken from the urethral opening;
• Conducting microbiological research;
• Immunological analysis;
• PCR method.

Since such a disease can develop without pronounced symptoms, it is necessary to make a reliable diagnosis only with the help of laboratory tests.

Clinical manifestations in men

Trichomoniasis in men affects the following organs of the reproductive system: urethra, spermatic cords, prostate and testicles. Sometimes the symptoms manifest themselves in a subtle way, in which case the man is a carrier of the pathogen, which is transmitted during intimacy. If Trichomonas remains in the body for a long time, complications may arise that manifest themselves as non-gonococcal urethritis, an inflammatory process in the prostate and testicles.

The duration of the incubation process can vary from 2 to 200 days. Symptoms do not appear immediately. Typically, clinical signs begin to appear when the immune system is weakened or due to chronic infectious processes in the body. Symptoms are determined by the form of the pathological process. The development of urogenital trichomoniasis can occur in acute or chronic form.

Symptoms in men include a burning sensation when emptying the bladder. Discomfort extends to all areas of the external genitalia - penis, perineum, lower back, rectal area. If complications develop, the following signs appear - hyperemia of the foreskin, redness, swelling, abrasions and wounds. Additional symptoms that accompany the development of the disease include: hyperthermia, pain in the testicles.

Another consequence of the advanced form of trichomoniasis is the inflammatory process in the tissues of the prostate gland. This disease is accompanied by heaviness, pain in the rectal area and in the perineal area.

Clinical manifestations in females

According to statistics, representatives of the fair sex suffer more often than men. In this case, Trichomonas vaginalis is located in the uterine cavity. But the symptoms are expressed on the external organs of the reproductive system. Their redness, itching and hyperemia are noted. As the invasion develops, symptoms appear such as: copious mucus, ulcers, the appearance of slight bloody, foamy and watery discharge that has a strong fishy odor, painful sensations during sexual intercourse, the uterus and lower abdomen may increase in size.

The discharge is white or yellowish in color, its appearance is accompanied by intense itching, which is localized not only in the vagina, but also on the inner thighs. There is often pain or pain when emptying the bladder. In advanced forms of the disease, there is severe swelling of the external genitalia and severe itching. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease is very important, since its development is fraught with complications, including difficulties in conception.

Transmission routes

Trichomonas can be transmitted not only during intimate contacts. Other routes of infection may include contact with personal hygiene items. This happens rarely, but cases of infection through domestic means are recorded.

It is impossible to become infected through normal contact, for example during hugs. Also, the disease is not transmitted by pets or birds.

Therapeutic measures

It is possible to get rid of urogenital trichomoniasis only with a correctly designed treatment algorithm. It is important to first undergo all the necessary diagnostic measures that will allow you to make an accurate diagnosis. It is impossible to get rid of pathology using dubious folk remedies. Treatment should be carried out under the strict supervision of a physician. The prescription of medications is determined by the severity of the disease, its stage, and the severity of clinical signs.

For therapy, anti-trichomonas drugs are used, the action of which is aimed at combating the causative agent of the pathology. For treatment, systemic and local medications are prescribed that fight the pathogen in the body and eliminate external symptoms. To achieve a lasting positive effect, a comprehensive approach is very important. Traditionally, doctors prescribe a course of antibacterial drugs that helps cure the infectious process. It is important not to stop the course of treatment, even if the symptoms completely disappear.

You can recover from trichomoniasis, which develops without complications, within a few weeks. If the pathology is complicated by other infectious processes, the duration of therapy is significantly delayed. It is important to adhere to all medical recommendations and undergo the prescribed course of treatment even in the absence of severe symptoms.

When you have completed taking the last drug, it is very important to undergo repeated laboratory diagnostics, thanks to which you can assess the patient’s condition and determine the presence of a pathogen or antibodies to it in his body. It is very important to adhere to the following recommendations of doctors: exclude sexual relations for the entire duration of therapy, remove too spicy, fried, spicy, smoked and pickled foods from the diet, and do not drink ethanol-containing drinks. A prerequisite is compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.

(trichomoniasis) is a sexually transmitted infection that causes inflammation of the genitourinary system. Manifested by signs of colpitis, urethritis, cystitis, proctitis. It is often combined with other genital infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, candidiasis, etc. In the acute stage, there is abundant vaginal discharge, itching and burning in women and pain when urinating in men. In the absence of adequate treatment, it becomes chronic and can subsequently cause prostatitis, infertility, complicated pregnancy and childbirth, childhood pathology and mortality.

General information

(or trichomoniasis) urogenital is a disease exclusively of the human genitourinary system. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is Trichomonas vaginalis, which is sexually transmitted.

The target organs of trichomoniasis in men are the urethra, prostate, testicles and their appendages, seminal vesicles, and in women - the vagina, the vaginal part of the cervical canal, and the urethra. Trichomonas vaginalis is detected more often in women due to more pronounced manifestations of trichomoniasis and more frequent visits to the doctor for preventive purposes. Mostly, trichomoniasis affects women of reproductive age from 16 to 35 years. During childbirth, infection of a newborn with trichomoniasis from a sick mother occurs in approximately 5% of cases. In newborns, trichomoniasis occurs in a mild form due to the structural features of the epithelium and is capable of self-healing.

In men, usually, the presence of trichomonas does not cause obvious symptoms of trichomoniasis; they are often carriers of trichomonas and, without experiencing obvious illness, transmit the infection to their sexual partners. Trichomoniasis can be one of the causes of non-gonococcal urethritis, chronic prostatitis and epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), and contribute to the development of male infertility due to decreased sperm motility and viability.

Infection with trichomoniasis mainly occurs through sexual contact. Trichomoniasis is extremely rarely transmitted through household means - through linen, towels, and swimsuits contaminated by patients.

The number of diseases associated with trichomoniasis is large. Trichomoniasis is often detected with other STI pathogens (gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasma, Candida fungi, herpes viruses). Currently, it is believed that Trichomonas contribute to the development of diabetes, mastopathy, allergies and even cancer.

Biological features of the causative agent of trichomoniasis

Trichomonas attach to the cells of the mucous membrane of the genitourinary tract and cause an inflammatory process there. Trichomonas waste products poison the human body and reduce its immunity.

Trichomonas can live in the genitals and even in the bloodstream, where they penetrate through the lymphatic pathways and intercellular spaces with the help of the enzyme hyaluronidase. Trichomonas are extremely adapted to exist in the human body: they can change shape, disguise themselves as blood plasma cells (platelets, lymphocytes) - which makes the diagnosis of trichomoniasis difficult; “catch” other microbes onto yourself and in this way evade the body’s immune attack.

Microorganisms (gonococci, ureaplasma, chlamydia, Candida fungi, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus), getting inside Trichomonas, find protection there from the action of drugs and the human immune system. Motile Trichomonas can spread other microbes throughout the genitourinary system and blood vessels. By damaging the epithelium, Trichomonas reduce its protective function and facilitate the penetration of germs and sexually transmitted viruses (including HIV).

Trichomonas carriage is isolated as a form of trichomoniasis, in which the pathogen is detected in the laboratory, but there are no manifestations of the disease. This division is arbitrary, since different forms of trichomoniasis can transform into each other. Erased forms of trichomoniasis play a large role in the spread of the disease. The pathogen that lives in the genitourinary system is a source of infection to a partner during sexual intercourse and its own re-infection.

Trichomoniasis is dangerous due to its complications, as it increases the risk of transmission of other infections (including HIV), pregnancy pathologies (premature birth, stillbirth), the development of infertility (male and female), cervical cancer, and chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. If you have similar symptoms, or even if they are absent, you should be tested for trichomoniasis, and possibly other STIs. This is important for women planning pregnancy, for sexual partners who are Trichomonas carriers and patients with trichomoniasis; for everyone leading an active sex life.

Self-medication of trichomoniasis can lead to the opposite result: trichomonas become more aggressive, begin to multiply more actively, and the disease acquires hidden or atypical forms. Diagnosing and treating trichomoniasis in this case can be much more difficult.

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis involves detecting the pathogen using various methods.

Based on patient complaints and examination, the presence of Trichomonas can be suspected. When examined in women with trichomoniasis, signs of inflammation are observed - swelling and hyperemia of the vulva and vagina. During colposcopy, a symptom of “strawberry cervix” may be observed: redness of the mucosa with pinpoint and focal hemorrhages on the cervix. Epithelial dysplasia is noted, and sometimes atypical epithelial cells may appear.

Trichomoniasis is reliably detected using laboratory methods:

• microscopy of the studied material (for women - smears from the vagina and urethra, for men - smears from the urethra);
• cultural (microbiological) method using artificial nutrient media;
• immunological method;
• PCR diagnostics.

Trichomoniasis in men is more difficult to diagnose due to the lack of symptoms; in addition, trichomonas in this course of the disease are in an atypical ameboid form. Before planning a pregnancy, both men and women should undergo a full screening for STIs, including trichomoniasis.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out by venereologists, gynecologists and urologists. It must be carried out for any form of the disease, regardless of the presence or absence of manifestations. Treatment of trichomoniasis should be carried out simultaneously for sexual partners (even if tests of one of them are negative). Treatment of trichomoniasis in only one of the sexual partners is ineffective, since re-infection may occur after treatment. The production of antibodies against the causative agent of trichomoniasis does not form lasting immunity; after treatment, you can get sick again if you are re-infected.

Treatment of trichomoniasis must be combined with treatment of other STIs that often accompany the disease.

Trichomoniasis is considered cured when the pathogen is not detected during diagnosis and clinical symptoms are not observed. Sexual activity is prohibited during treatment. It is necessary to inform your sexual partner about the presence of trichomoniasis and other STDs, about the need for examination and treatment.

The result of treatment for trichomoniasis depends on the normalization of the microflora of the genitourinary system and the body as a whole. In women, a vaccine against inactivated lactobacillus acidophilus is used for this purpose. It is possible to prescribe immunomodulatory drugs.

Trichomoniasis is one of the common diseases that are sexually transmitted. The cause and causative agent of trichomoniasis are the microorganisms Trichomonas. Vaginal trichomoniasis was discovered back in the century before last. It was present in large quantities in the urethra, vagina, mucous membranes of the mouth and intestines.

What is the causative agent of trichomoniasis?

The causative agent of this disease is Trichomonas, the microorganism that gives the disease its name. It can cause dangerous diseases not only in humans. Many animals and birds were diagnosed with trichomoniasis: the routes of infection in such cases differed from human ones.

The body possessed by the causative agent of trichomoniasis is quite small and does not reach a size larger than 40 microns. It is almost impossible to see Trichomonas with the naked eye. The shape of the microorganism resembles a pear. His body consists of the following elements:

• The body itself with cytoplasm and nucleus;
• Several flagella for body movement;
• The basal body is at the end of the main body;
• A specific spine that ends the axostyle.

This structure allows the microorganism not only to move forward and backward, but also to actively move around its axis, move left and right.

Trichomonas reproduce quite quickly. Their main method of reproduction is fission, in which one body “splits” into two. But in rare cases, multiple fission is also observed, when during the disintegration of one body several new ones are formed. The structural features of the human Trichomonas make it so that it actively divides in a nutrient medium, but quickly dies in its absence. Therefore, although the routes of infection with trichomoniasis include transmission in everyday life, this happens very rarely.

Routes of infection with the causative agent of trichomoniasis

When studying sexually transmitted diseases, it is important to know how trichomoniasis is transmitted. This disease is so common that anyone is at risk of experiencing it.

There are the following routes of transmission of Trichomonas:

1. Sexual path. This is the main route of transmission of pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases. The main causes of Trichomonas are associated with a large number of microorganisms on the mucous membrane of the woman’s vagina and the man’s urethra. When released into a warm, humid environment, Trichomonas immediately begin to actively reproduce and negatively affect human health. Transmission methods such as anal and oral sex can also infect a person. But trichomonas in the oral cavity and rectum, as a rule, do not affect their host. The danger is that during transformation they can “grow” into dangerous Trichomonas vaginalis;
2. Household way. Infection with trichomoniasis through household means occurs only in half of all cases. It is very difficult to trace this route of infection. Most often, sick people live next to healthy people. Trichomonas does not survive outside the human body for a long time. Within a few hours, its colonies die completely. But microorganisms can remain in an environment that suits them for a longer period of time. The moist, warm environment that is present on washcloths, towels and toilet rims can significantly prolong the life of pathogens;
3. Transmission from mother to child during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal. This route of infection is common among women of low social status. People who do not undergo special examination before childbirth or do not take prescribed treatment infect their children during childbirth in 90% of cases;
4. Skin contact. Many people think how can you become infected with trichomoniasis through physical contact with a patient? It's pretty simple. A large number of Trichomonas are found in the oral cavity and saliva. They cause virtually no harm to humans, but can degenerate into pathogenic microorganisms.

Why are Trichomonas dangerous?

In most cases, men and women with trichomoniasis are not even aware of their infection. This is primarily due to the fact that the disease does not manifest itself in any way and is asymptomatic.

In some cases, men and women may experience the following symptoms:

• Pain during urination and sexual intercourse, during erection in men;
• Discharge from the genitals in the form of a yellowish turbid liquid with a specific odor and a “foamy” structure;
• Nagging pain in the lower abdomen.

Even in the absence of symptoms, trichomoniasis is a dangerous disease. Trichomonas have the ability to “attract” pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Many people with this sexually transmitted disease gradually develop bacterial infections of the genitals and even develop the human immunodeficiency virus.

If left untreated, the causative agents of trichomoniasis begin to move up the urinary tract and reproductive system. In men, the prostate gland is primarily affected and prostatitis quickly develops. In women, the disease disrupts the normal functioning of the reproductive system. After infection of the ovaries and uterus, their structure changes, hormonal balance is disrupted, menstruation may change or be completely absent. Gradually, Trichomonas leads to the development of both male and female infertility.

Prevention of infection with trichomoniasis

In order to avoid getting sick with this sexually transmitted disease, you must first know how trichomoniasis is transmitted. If you come into contact with a sick person, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice and a preventive examination. Since there may also be a household route of infection, it is necessary to check the health of family members of the infected person, especially females.

The main points for preventing the disease trichomoniasis:

1. When having unprotected sexual intercourse, it is imperative to use a condom. In its absence, the genitals must be treated with a special disinfectant solution;
2. It is quite rare that Trichomonas enters the body this way through oral or anal sex. But even in this case, it is necessary to use contraception;
3. Proper and constant adherence to personal hygiene is an excellent prevention of sexually transmitted diseases;
4. You should not use other people’s hygiene products, especially washcloths and underwear, as in some cases trichomoniasis is transmitted through household means.

If infection occurs, it is necessary to begin treatment as soon as possible. You should definitely inform all your sexual partners about the appearance of trichomoniasis.

Trichomonas

T. vaginalis has a pear-shaped shape and dimensions of 10 – 20 microns, sometimes up to 30 microns; This is the largest of all human Trichomonas. Trichomonas are characterized by rotational or oscillatory movements. They have four flagella located in front (see Fig. 115, 3), one of the flagella runs along the body to the posterior end of the cell and forms, together with the fold of the plasmalemma, an undulating membrane, and in Trichomonas vaginalis it reaches only the middle of the body, and in the intestinal Trichomonas it comes out beyond the boundaries of the body, ending with a free flagellum. Under the undulating membrane inside the cell there is a contractile rod - the costa, which serves as a support for movement. The axostyle (axial cord) in Trichomonas does not make active movements. Trichomonas vaginalis does not have a permanent cell mouth (cytostome), but under certain conditions, a site can differentiate on the anterior part of the body through which food particles, bacteria, and red blood cells penetrate inside by phagocytosis. Nutrition is mainly carried out through the cell membrane. Reproduction occurs by longitudinal division.

Trichomonas can be cultivated on liquid and solid nutrient media. For Trichomonas vaginalis it is necessary to use media of a richer composition (liver media with cysteine, peptone, maltose, etc.). It grows best under anaerobic conditions, at a pH of 5.5 – 6.0 and a temperature of 35 – 37 °C. After 2–3 days, on media containing about 0.1% agar, a clear growth of Trichomonas is detected at the bottom of the tube in the form of bottom sediment.

T. vaginalis do not form cysts and therefore are not very stable in the external environment. They die quickly at low and especially high temperatures, drying out, and exposure to sunlight. In sea water they die within 10–60 minutes. They can persist in urine for 24 hours.

Trichomoniasis is a typical anthroponosis, widespread everywhere, transmitted in most cases sexually.

Laboratory diagnostics. Repeated discharge of the urethra, vagina, and prostate juice is used. Fixed smears stained with Romanovsky-Giemsa, Gram or methylene blue are studied. Trichomonas look like round cells with elongated or triangular nuclei; the size of parasites is 2 times larger than leukocytes, which are present in large quantities in the smear. If treatment or at least an attempt at treatment with anti-Trichomonas drugs was carried out, Trichomonas are absent or have an atypical morphology. With a mixed infection (gonorrhea + trichomoniasis), gonococci phagocytosed by Trichomonas can be detected in smears. Microscopy of fresh native material mixed with physiological solution in a “crushed drop” preparation also gives good results. Particularly convenient in this case is phase-contrast microscopy, which allows one to observe the movement of living Trichomonas.

is a parasitic disease known since ancient times, sexually transmitted and causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs of women and men.
The disease is caused by a special type of microorganism called protozoa. There are many types of protozoan microorganisms found in nature. Some of them live in water and soil, others are parasites in animals and humans.

Who are Trichomonas, types of Trichomonas

Protozoa– single-celled organisms, unlike other single-celled organisms, are capable of movement due to the presence of flagella and independent existence outside the infected organism. In their structure, the simplest are similar to ordinary cells, the totality of which makes up an entire organism. The difference is that protozoa, despite the simplicity of their structure, exist as a separate integral organism.
The name trichomoniasis comes from the simplest organisms called trichomonas, which cause specific local pathological phenomena.
Trichomonas, which parasitize the human body, are of three types:
Trcihomonas elongata - lives in the oral cavity.
Trichomonas hominis - lives in the human intestine, feeds on various bacteria, red blood cells (blood cells).
Trichomonas vaginalis – found in the lower genitourinary tract:

• Urethra
• Vagina
• Prostate

The first two species (Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas elongata) do not cause any harm to humans. The third type, which is also the most pathogenic, exhibits the greatest activity and causes local discomfort, as well as inflammatory processes.

Routes of infection with Trichomonas

Trichomoniasis is a very common disease. There is no place on earth where this microorganism does not exist. According to some data, trichomoniasis occurs in both men and women, young and mature, who are sexually active. The disease is transmitted primarily sexually, that is, through unprotected sex. Detailed and clear information about trichomoniasis

Trichomonas colpitis (vaginitis)
Colpitis– inflammation of the superficial layers of the vaginal mucosa. The term colpitis is borrowed from the Greek language. There is also a second name characterizing inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, of Latin origin - vaginitis
Acute trichomonas colpitis is characterized by:

• Unbearable itching, burning in the vaginal area, around the labia. Itching is explained by the irritating effect of trichomonas on the vaginal walls and foamy discharge (secretion).
• Redness and scratching of the skin in the perineal area, labia majora and minora. Appear due to itching in these areas.
• Foamy discharge with a characteristic unpleasant odor. The volume of discharge depends on the phase of the disease. From copious leucorrhoea (discharge) of yellow color, with an acute progressive course, to scanty discharge of gray color, with a chronic, sluggish process. Foaminess and an abundance of secretion appears as a result of vital activity in parallel with Trichomonas, a special type of bacteria that produces gas.

With good, high immunity, the disease can occur in a latent chronic form. In this case, one or another symptom may be absent, or all symptoms may be mild or absent. Inflammatory changes are also minor. The chronic process may periodically worsen. Most often this occurs in the period before the start of a new menstrual cycle, a few days before the onset of menstruation. The exacerbation is associated with a decrease in the amount of estrogens, which are actively involved in the renewal of the surface cells of the vaginal mucosa; in addition, they contribute to the acidification of the internal vaginal environment, and Trichomonas feed on glycogen with the help of which, during the activity of lactobacilli, the internal environment of the vagina becomes acidic.

Trichomoniasis in the menopausal period.
In menopausal women, the incidence of trichomoniasis varies widely. Lack of estrogen causes atrophy (decreased functions, thinning of the walls) of the mucous membrane of the vaginal walls. Accordingly, the microflora of the inner surface of the vagina is disrupted, local immunity is reduced, and favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of not only Trichomonas, but also many pathogenic microorganisms. The main clinical symptoms are expressed as:

• Mucopurulent discharge, sometimes streaked with blood
• Itching in the area of ​​the vaginal vestibule
• Rarely minor bleeding after sexual intercourse

Pregnancy and trichomoniasis

As a rule, trichomoniasis causes inflammatory changes at the local level, that is, at the level of the genital organs. Thereby negatively affecting the course and course of pregnancy. Can cause complications such as: spontaneous abortion and premature birth. The essence of abortion is that Trichomonas cause inflammatory changes, during which special substances called prostaglandins are released into the blood. Prostaglandins cause increased contractions of the uterine muscles, thereby promoting the expulsion of the fetus from the uterine cavity.

Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS)
Inflammatory damage to the mucous membrane, the addition of a secondary purulent infection and profuse foul-smelling vaginal discharge affect the quality of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse becomes painful and impossible. A long-term chronic course of the disease can ultimately cause frigidity not only due to pain, but also emotional discomfort, causing in some cases a disturbance in the psycho-emotional state of a woman.

Microscopic method
For diagnosis confirming the presence of trichomonas in the genital tract, it is necessary to take smears from the vaginal mucosa. It is preferable to take swabs from three different places:
Among women

• Posterior vaginal vault
• Cervical canal
• Urethra

In men, the following is studied:

• Scraping from the urethra
• Prostate fluid
• Sperm

To obtain prostate fluid, a gentle massage of the prostate gland is usually used.
Laboratory tests should be carried out no later than 30 minutes after taking smears, since Trichomonas are very unstable in the external environment and die quickly.
The taken material is placed on a glass slide, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is dropped, covered with a coverslip and placed under a microscope. In some cases, to better identify trichomonas, smears are pre-stained. Microscopic examination is the most rapid method for diagnosing trichomoniasis and makes it possible to make a diagnosis only 15-20 after taking the source material.

Cultivation of Trichomonas
As one of the three modern methods for determining a pathological pathogen, it has a number of advantages, such as:

• Allows you to determine the initial amount of Trichomonas in the test material. Indirectly reflects the degree of the inflammatory process.
• It reveals which drugs Trichomonas are sensitive to, which is very important when prescribing the correct and optimal treatment. It also allows you to adjust treatment that has already begun.

Cultivation is carried out by inoculating the contents of smears from the vagina and urethra onto special artificial nutrient media. In this case, Trichomonas find themselves in a favorable environment and begin to multiply intensively. The grown colonies are then subjected to microscopic examination.

PCR method in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis
A very valuable method for detecting Trichomonas. The advantage of this method is that in the chronic course of the disease the pathogen is very difficult to detect using conventional microscopic methods. In addition, any biological fluid of the body is suitable for research, be it blood, saliva, scraping of the urethral or vaginal mucosa.
The method is based on the fact that Trichomonas DNA, that is, genetic material, can be easily detected in the material being studied. Analysis accuracy is 100%. Results appear the very next day, which allows you to start effective treatment in a timely manner.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

To fully recover from trichomoniasis, the following conditions must be met:

1. It is necessary to treat both sexual partners at the same time
2. During the course of treatment, any sexual contact is excluded
3. Use special anti-trichomonas drugs (metronidazole, tinidazole)
4. In parallel with treatment, hygiene rules for caring for the genitourinary organs are observed:

• Daily washing of the genitals using antiseptics (a weak solution of potassium permanganate, furatsilin solution) or detergents, that is, ordinary toilet soap.
• All movements when washing are carried out from front to back, that is, from the side of the vagina to the anus. This is necessary in order to avoid infection in the urethra.
• Individual use of toiletries (soap, washcloths, towels).
• Daily change of underwear

1. Mandatory treatment of other concurrent diseases of the genitourinary organs of infectious and inflammatory origin.

Below are several treatment regimens for trichomoniasis using anti-trichomoniasis drugs.

Scheme using metronidazole (Trichopol)
On the first day, take 1 tablet 4 times orally with water.
From the second to the seventh day inclusive, take 1 tablet 3 times a day, also taken orally with water.

Metronidazole– antiprotozoal, antimicrobial drug.

Mechanism of action consists of an inhibitory effect on the genetic apparatus of bacteria. In this case, all biological processes of the cell gradually cease and the microorganism dies.

Contraindication pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the drug.

Tinidazole regimen
Take 4 tablets of 500 mg each at once. Or
For 7 days, 1/3 tablet 2 times a day

Tinidazole
The drug is from the same group as metronidazole with a similar mechanism of action and side effects.
Contraindications –

• hematopoietic disorders
• pregnancy and lactation
• hypersensitivity to the drug

Scheme using Klion - D
Klion – D- a combination drug that contains equal parts of metronidazole and miconazole (an antifungal drug). The drug is very effective for mixed infections of the genitourinary system of bacterial and fungal origin.
Prescribed in the form of vaginal suppositories, 1 piece at night for 10 days.

Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment anti-trichomonas drugs are carried out as follows:

• For 2-3 months after treatment, smears of the contents of the vagina and urethra are taken for microscopic examination for the presence of vaginal trichomonas
• Smears should be taken 1-3 days after menstruation

Prevention of trichomoniasis

Preventive measures imply an integrated approach aimed at protecting against possible infection not only with trichomoniasis, but also with all sexually transmitted diseases, be it gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and many others.

• Prevention should begin with educational activities about a healthy lifestyle, the importance of contraceptive methods, and routes of transmission of infections that cause inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. These measures are primarily aimed at preventing the occurrence of infectious inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs in categories of people of adolescence. Medical workers, teachers in schools, professors in lyceums and universities are required to carry out educational activities in this direction among high school students, university students, and vocational schools.

• Categories of young and middle-aged people who are sexually active should be careful when choosing a sexual partner. Promiscuous sexual intercourse is not encouraged. The ideal option is an intimate relationship with one sexual partner. The use of condoms plays an important role as a means of preventing unwanted pregnancy and the transmission of Trichomonas infection during sexual intercourse.

• Preventive control by a gynecologist at least once a year, with taking smears from the urethra, posterior vaginal fornix, and cervical canal. The contents from these places are subjected to microscopy, thereby determining the presence of a possible infection and at the same time determining the degree of cleanliness of the vagina.

• Treatment of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary organs caused by other types of pathogenic microorganisms that reduce local immunity and increase the risk of Trichomonas infection.

• An incomparably significant role in the spread of Trichomonas vaginalis is played by the simultaneous use of toiletries (washcloth, towel) by two or more people, one of whom suffers from trichomoniasis. Therefore, it is necessary for each person to have their own body care products and use them individually.

• When preparing for pregnancy, both women and men should be tested for the possible presence of a latent urinary tract infection. And also consult your doctor about this. When planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to cure all possible foci of infection in the woman’s body.

What are the possible consequences of trichomoniasis?

Most often, trichomoniasis causes complications during pregnancy:

• premature birth;
• low birth weight of the baby;
• transmission of infection to the child when he passes through the birth canal.

In addition, there is evidence that trichomoniasis increases the risk of contracting some dangerous infections, in particular the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.

How to eat properly if you have trichomoniasis?

Dietary habits are more related not to the disease itself, but to the use of anti-trichomoniasis drugs that have antibacterial activity. As with any antibiotics, the diet must be complete, otherwise nausea, indigestion and other side effects may occur. You need to have a hearty breakfast, preferably porridge.

It is useful to take pancreatic enzyme preparations during the course of treatment, for example Mezim-Forte. You can also take medications containing bifidobacteria, since antibiotics can cause dysbacteriosis. For more detailed advice, contact your healthcare provider.

Do not drink alcohol within 24 hours of taking it metronidazole and within 72 hours after administration tinidazole. These drugs can cause a reaction to ethyl alcohol, like a “coding” for alcoholism. Nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant symptoms occur.

Is it possible to have sex with trichomoniasis?

During treatment of trichomoniasis, sex is completely contraindicated for two reasons:

• Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection. This means there is a risk of infecting your partner.
• Sexual intercourse reduces the effectiveness of treatment.

Does a condom protect against trichomoniasis?

Condoms are one of the simplest, most accessible and effective means of protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. But they do not completely protect against either one or the other.

Condoms only prevent trichomoniasis by 90%. With constant contact with one sick partner, the likelihood of transmission of infection increases even more.

Do not forget that during sexual intercourse the condom can break and slip off the penis.

Is trichomoniasis transmitted during oral sex?

Theoretically, such a possibility exists, it may even develop trichomoniasis sore throat. In practice, this happens extremely rarely. But it’s still not worth the risk.

How is trichomoniasis coded in the ICD?

Trichomoniasis has several codes in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision: