Vitamins A and E are necessary for our body, children especially need them. Retinol (the name of vitamin A) takes part in the development of the baby even before his birth - it promotes strong immunity, helps the placenta grow with the fetus and adjusts the proper functioning of the mother’s internal organs. It is produced from beta-carotene in the small intestine. Vitamin E (tocopherol) takes care of cell regeneration and helps relieve inflammation of tissues and organs. This antioxidant is good for the heart and essential for muscles. Tocopherol is fat-soluble, its main reserves are in the adipose tissue of our body.

Vitamins A and E are necessary for the child during pregnancy

To understand exactly why a child needs vitamins A and E, it is worth taking a closer look at their properties. In addition, we will find out which products contain enough of these substances and how to use them correctly to increase efficiency.

Benefits of Vitamin A

• promotes good vision;
• restores the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, stomach, and intestines;
• takes part in activating bone growth;
• normalizes digestion;
• supports immunity, reduces the likelihood of viral diseases;
• necessary as a stimulant and regulator of the body's hormonal activity.

You can maintain the desired balance of vitamin A in the body if you regularly eat foods in which it is present. The list is quite long:

• vegetables: carrots, pumpkin, broccoli, sorrel, celery, tomatoes;
• fruits: oranges, tangerines, mangoes, apricots;
• dairy products: cream, milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and butter;
• liver - cod, beef, chicken, pork;
• chum salmon caviar;
• fish oil (more details in the article:).

Important: when heat treating products, almost 15% of this substance is removed from them. To enhance the digestibility of the remaining portion, it is advisable to add foods rich in vitamin E to your dishes.

Benefits of Vitamin E

Tocopherol in capsules is often prescribed to women, especially during pregnancy, but babies also need it. Along with ascorbic acid, this substance helps the body quickly cope with viral diseases and colds. The drug is prescribed as an immunomodulatory agent, and is also used as part of therapy aimed at increasing the body weight of infants whose weight is below standard indicators.

Only a doctor can prescribe vitamin E, choosing the optimal dose and form of release. It is especially important to correctly calculate the required amount of medication if it is prescribed to a newborn.

If you exceed the norm, side effects are possible:

• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• headache and loss of strength;
• changes in hormonal levels;
• loss of vision.

However, with the right approach, this substance will not cause health problems. To replenish vitamin E reserves in the body, without worrying about regularly taking a capsule or tablet, you can introduce the following products into your diet:

• apricots – fresh and dried, sea buckthorn, rose hips;
• fish: herring, salmon, pike perch;
• beef and beef liver;
• nuts and legumes;
• eggs;
• milk, sour cream;
• unrefined vegetable oil;
• sprouted grains of wheat or other cereals.

Like retinol, this substance is only partially resistant to heat treatment, and there is much less of it in a finished dish than in a raw one. There is even less tocopherol in products that have been stored for a long time, since it disappears when exposed to light and air.

Rules of application

According to the latest research by scientists, it is very difficult to fully provide a modern child with vitamins if you rely only on a balanced diet. A menu that seems balanced at first glance can ultimately lead to a deficiency of nutrients of 20 or even 30%.

You can provide your child’s body with the necessary amount of vitamins A and E using pharmaceutical products. However, it is important to understand that children's medications differ from those for adults in dosage. The form of release does not matter - you can use vitamins in drops, tablets, or capsules. Typically, the manufacturer supplies children's medications with a special dispenser - a pipette, a measuring spoon, so measuring the required amount is not difficult.

When and how is it best to offer a child vitamins? What dose can be given to the baby depending on his age? Almost any vitamins are absorbed more effectively before 2 o'clock in the afternoon - after waking up, metabolism is most active. If we are talking about a baby, the drops can be given to the baby along with milk during morning or afternoon feeding.

Different manufacturers use different units of calculation - milligrams, micrograms or MO (international units). The table shows all options for the standard dose of the drug in relation to the baby’s age. However, the pediatrician may prescribe a different administration option and a different dosage - preventive or therapeutic. In this case, parents are required to study the instructions for use before starting therapy.

Tocopherol can be given to newborns - it is sold not only in capsules, but also in an oil solution. Up to ½ year, the dose of this drug is 5 drops (3 milligrams) once a day. Older children should be given 4 milligrams. This portion remains relevant until the baby reaches 2-3 years. Pediatricians recommend taking this vitamin before meals.

Vitamin E for children is sometimes available in chewable lozenges or capsules. The latter are suitable for preschoolers who can already easily swallow the capsule.

It is important to pay attention to the labels and warnings on drug packages. The instructions for use of the medication describe contraindications and age of use in more detail.

What are the consequences of a lack of vitamins?

Vitamin deficiency or hypovitaminosis is a dangerous condition for a child’s body. It occurs infrequently, but you need to be able to notice atypical manifestations of the baby’s behavior and contact a specialist in time. What is missing in a child’s body? What symptoms may indicate hypovitaminosis of vitamins A and E? Let's look at these signs and ways to determine them in more detail.

Vitamin A deficiency

Retinol can be stored in tissues - if it is not systematically consumed, the body will independently regulate its balance. Sometimes the lack of this substance is so significant that the body begins to signal a problem. Vitamin A is necessary for children; you can make sure that your child is not getting enough of it by looking at some signs:

• The baby's height and weight are below normal.
• The child often gets sick, and the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract are at risk.
• The skin is dry, flaky, and cracks in the heels are possible. Inflamed areas of skin appear on the stomach, knees, and buttocks, and the baby complains of itching.

• Hair becomes dry, lacks shine and falls out.
• The mucous membranes (mouth, inner surfaces of the eyelids, nasal passages) look unhealthy - erosions and ulcers appear.
• The proper functioning of the tear ducts is disrupted, “dry eye syndrome” appears - the shine disappears, the eyes itch and burn. Frequent eye infections, in particular conjunctivitis, are possible. In early infancy, vitamin A deficiency can cost the baby his vision - the cornea becomes thinner, which leads to perforation of the eyeball.

If you suspect a lack of vitamin A, you should immediately consult your pediatrician. The doctor may prescribe intramuscular injections of the drug, or recommend taking it in the form of drops if the child is under 2 years old.

Typically, retinol is prescribed only to those children who are often sick and are developmentally delayed. In other cases, the doctor's recommendations may be different.

Vitamin E deficiency

Before making recommendations, a good doctor will ask parents questions about the circumstances of the child’s birth - whether he was full-term, whether there were any birth complications. If there is a baby under one year old in front of him, the pediatrician will find out whether the baby is breast-fed or bottle-fed, and will also check the degree of maturity of the fontanel. Some drugs help quickly close the hole in the skull in children, which is not always desirable. In addition, important factors are:

• child's body weight;
• likelihood of anemia;
• genetic blood diseases;
• eye diseases;
• other individual characteristics of a small patient.

Pediatricians say that an infant is fully provided with vitamin E from mother's milk. However, a nursing woman should pay special attention to her diet - make sure that her menu is varied and balanced. Artificial formulas are also enriched with vitamins necessary for the proper development of the baby. Usually, you only need to review the nutrition of the mother and child in order to protect the baby from possible hypovitaminosis.

If the doctor decides to prescribe vitamin E, he should warn about the peculiarities of taking this drug. In particular, the medication should not be taken together with iron-containing products, otherwise none of them will perform their function. You need to maintain a gap of 2 hours between taking both.

Is there an oversupply?

In rare cases, hypervitaminosis may occur, especially if you take vitamins uncontrolled. How dangerous is this condition and what are its characteristic features? An excess of retinol (vitamin A) can manifest itself as quite dangerous symptoms:

• hydrocephalus (increase in the size of the skull due to fluid accumulation);
• swelling of the fontanelle, as well as its pulsation;
• nausea, increased urination, rash and sweating.

Hypervitaminosis E is characterized by general weakness, dizziness and nausea. In addition, other symptoms are possible:

• retinal hemorrhage;
• diarrhea;
• decreased immunity;
• increased blood pressure;
• disruption of the nervous system.

As you can see, a lack of vitamins A and E is just as dangerous as an excess of them. The issue of taking additional medications should only be discussed with a doctor. It is the specialist who will tell you whether the child needs to undergo a course of treatment and what is the optimal dosage of the vitamin. Remember that good parents have a responsibility to make informed decisions about their child's health.

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Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble vitamin. It was discovered in 1922 and is number five in alphabetical classification, which is why it has the title of vitamin E.

The amount of vitamin E is usually measured in international units (IU).

The daily requirement for vitamin E for children of the first year of life is 3-5 mg, for children 1-6 years old - 5-7 mg, 7-17 years old - 10-15 mg, men and women - 10 mg, for pregnant and nursing mothers - 10-14 mg.

Vitamin E is called today the most “female” vitamin and is prescribed to women in preparation for pregnancy and during pregnancy itself. Why? What has earned him an excellent reputation in the field of human reproduction and reproduction?

It turns out that vitamin E increases the function of the genital organs in women (especially during pregnancy) and men, and restores the imbalanced balance of hormones, for example, the production of progesterone and estrogens. Vitamin E is widely used for disorders of the menstrual cycle in girls, it perfectly helps the infantile uterus to become more mature and developed, is used for late onset of menstrual function, and treats existing ovarian dysfunction.

In addition, vitamin E also helps greatly in maintaining an existing pregnancy. Vitamin E is similar to progesterone, therefore, in a state of non-pregnancy, it is prescribed in the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle - in the progesterone phase. It is this hormone that maintains pregnancy throughout pregnancy, stabilizes and improves the maturation and stable functioning of the placenta - the central and main organ of communication between mother and fetus. It normalizes and stabilizes the condition of the blood vessels of the placenta, protecting it from abruption and other dysfunctions.

But the role of vitamin E is not limited to just controlling reproductive function.

Vitamin E:

• protects cells from damage by slowing down the oxidation of lipids (fats) and the formation of free radicals.
• also improves blood circulation, is necessary for tissue regeneration, useful for premenstrual syndrome and the treatment of fibrotic breast diseases.
• ensures normal blood clotting and healing;
• reduces the possibility of scar formation from some wounds;
• supports healthy nerves and muscles;
• strengthening the walls of capillaries;
• prevents anemia.
• participates in the synthesis of hormones;
• supports immunity;
• has an anticarcinogenic effect;
• ensures normal functioning of muscles.

Vitamin E deficiency leads to metabolic disorders, a decrease in the ability of blood to transmit oxygen, and the development of local oxygen starvation. With insufficient intake of vitamin E, increased destruction of red blood cells is observed, associated with a violation of the stability of their membranes.

The first and earliest sign, which appears quite quickly with insufficient intake of vitamin E from food and excess intake of unsaturated fatty acids, is muscular dystrophy. Skeletal muscle dystrophy is considered the most universal manifestation of vitamin E deficiency.

When treated with vitamin E, it is also possible to develop hypervitaminosis, in which thrombocytopenia and hypocoagulation are noted, weakening of twilight vision due to antagonism with vitamin A, dyspepsia, hypoglycemia, weakness, headache, muscle cramps.

Tocopherol is the main antioxidant in food. In addition to vitamin E, the most commonly known antioxidants are vitamin C and beta-carotene.

Vitamin E present in many foods, and fats and oils are especially rich in it. In particular, it is found in nuts, oils, spinach, seeds, whole grains, salmon, liver, egg yolk and milk.

Vitamin E very sensitive to heat treatment, oxygen and light. Therefore, when cooking food, up to 55% of this beneficial substance is lost. There is a lot of this vitamin in plant foods, especially in vegetable oils. But tocopherol is most fully absorbed from animal products.

Ideas for your child's menu:

• Add a tablespoon of sprouted wheat grains to your baby's oatmeal in the morning. Each tablespoon of grains contains 2 mg of vitamin E.
• Add fresh blueberries to your pancakes for breakfast. Half a cup of blueberries contains 1.5 mg of vitamin E.
• Offer your baby a healthy peanut butter sandwich. Peanut butter contains 1 mg of vitamin E per tablespoon.
• When making regular mashed potatoes, stir in sweet potato puree (each potato adds 5 mg of vitamin E).
• For dinner, offer your baby salmon and broccoli. A piece of salmon the size of a deck of cards contains 1.3 mg of vitamin E, and 0.5 cups of broccoli contains almost 1 mg of vitamin E.
• Add sunflower, corn, and soybean oils to salads - they are rich in vitamin E.

Health to your kids!

Reading time: 6 minutes. Views 505 Published 03/04/2018

Good afternoon, dear readers.

A deficiency of any useful microelement can turn into a real disaster for a child, so the mother needs to correctly create a menu for herself and the baby. Today's topic: why do children need vitamin E, where is it found, how to avoid vitamin deficiency. Is it enough just to eat right to regularly replenish reserves of this substance, or do you need to resort to pharmaceutical drugs?

Why does a child need vitamin E?

Vitamin E (tocopherol) controls the proper use of protein compounds that are involved in the structure of new cells, is responsible for the growth of the child and the proper functioning of many internal organs.

VitaminE– what is it useful for children:

1. Tocopherol is a powerful antioxidant that eliminates the harmful effects of free radicals on the body that are formed during the metabolic process. And since metabolism in a child’s body is more intense, he needs a lot of antioxidants.
2. Regulates the absorption of proteins that come with food, forces the body to use them rationally.
3. Necessary for normal blood clotting, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, prevents the destruction of red blood cells.
4. Supports normal development and function of muscle tissue, skeletal muscles, heart, endocrine system.
5. Necessary for the proper formation and development of the organs of the reproductive and reproductive systems in adolescents.
6. Takes an indirect part in the formation of strong immunity, helps the body quickly cope with pathogenic viruses and bacteria.

Tocopherol is especially necessary for babies under one year of age - during the first year of life, the child’s weight should increase 3 times. Such intensive growth is impossible without vitamin E, but if the mother eats properly, the baby receives this substance in the right amount.

Vitamin E deficiency and excess

How does vitamin E deficiency manifest? The baby is often sick, chronic tonsillitis, bronchitis, and sinusitis develop against the background of colds, the child is not gaining weight well, his muscles are weak, and he suffers from cramps. In newborns, a lack of this element can cause the development of hemolytic anemia; infants eat and sleep poorly and suffer from increased excitability.

Symptoms of tocopherol deficiency:

• dry hair, brittle nails;
• retardation in physical and mental development;
• decreased reflexes;
• impaired coordination, speech, decreased visual acuity at dusk.

An overdose of tocopherol is also dangerous; hypervitaminosis manifests itself in the form of nausea, vomiting, stool upset, severe migraine, weakness, decreased vision, and hormonal imbalance may occur. If the dose is exceeded for a long time, blood pressure increases, frequent bleeding occurs, and liver function deteriorates.

Where to find vitamin E

Tocopherol is a fat-soluble vitamin, so it is found in foods high in vegetable fats. Corn, soybean, peanut oil, sunflower seeds, almonds and walnuts, and cashews are rich in vitamin E. But even if you constantly eat right, the vitamin deficiency can be more than 20%.

Where else is vitamin E found:

• apricots, dried apricots, sea buckthorn and rosehip berries, apples;
• fatty fish;
• veal, beef liver;
• legumes, spinach, broccoli;
• quail eggs;
• homemade milk and sour cream;
• sprouted grains.

Tocopherol is partially destroyed during heat treatment and almost completely disappears when exposed to air and heat.

Vegetable oils contain polyunsaturated acids that interfere with the absorption of tocopherol, therefore, if there are obvious signs of deficiency of this substance, special pharmaceutical preparations are prescribed.

How much vitamin E does a child need?

The daily amount of tocopherol depends on the age and general condition of the child; there are average values, but a pediatrician can advise you on a more accurate dosage.

How do you know if your child needs to take extra vitamin E? It is necessary to do a blood test, if the concentration of tocopherol in plasma is less than 0.4 mg%, you need to include more plant foods in the diet, and take additional vitamins in the form of pharmaceutical preparations.

Average daily doses of vitamin E:

• newborns – 4 IU;
• babies up to one year – 5-6 IU;
• up to 8 years – 7 IU;
• 8–12 years – 8-9 IU;
• teenagers – 10 IU.

Increased doses of the vitamin are necessary for premature babies, babies with congenital pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, lipid metabolism disorders, and cystic fibrosis.

Tocopherol is best taken together with vitamin A, D. Preparations with iron destroy vitamin E, so if medications with these substances can be taken at least two hours apart.

Vitamin E for children in drops – is it necessary or not?

Preparations with tocopherol are included in complex therapy for colds, flu, and immunodeficiency conditions; they are also necessary for children whose weight is significantly lower than average. Contraindications – hypersensitivity, iron deficiency anemia, problems with blood clotting, a tendency to form blood clots, some heart pathologies.

When should you take medications with tocopherol:

• tendency to catch colds;
• weight deficiency;
• jaundice, liver cirrhosis, Crohn's disease;
• unbalanced diet;
• pathologies of the biliary tract, chronic cholestasis;
• increased physical activity, fatigue;
• recovery after a serious and prolonged illness;
• living in a region with poor environmental conditions and high background radiation.

Drops with tocopherol are produced in the form of a 5, 10, 30% solution, so 1 ml of the drug contains 50, 100, 300 mg of vitaminErespectively. To make it easier to measure the medicine, 1 ml of medicine is equal to 30 drops from a regular eye dropper.

If the baby does not suffer from underweight, was born at term, and does not have gastrointestinal diseases, then to prevent vitamin E deficiency it is enough to give 1 mg of tocopherol monthly. The medicine should be diluted in a teaspoon with a small amount of water and given to drink in the morning an hour after feeding. Children under 6 years old should be given 5 drops of a 5% solution per day, over 7 years old - 10 drops of a 5% solution per day.

The exact dosage and duration of therapy must be agreed with the pediatrician. But recently, more and more doctors are recommending that children under 12 years of age refrain from taking vitamin E in its pure form as a preventive measure.

What to look for when choosing and taking vitamin E supplements

Vitamin E is sold in the form of capsules and drops and may contain natural and synthetic tocopherol. Natural preparations are marked d, artificial ones - dl.

Natural vitamin E is 2 times more effective than its synthetic counterpart. It is better to take preparations with vitamin E in the first half of the day, so they will be better absorbed.

If your baby is often sick, to strengthen the immune system, give him vitamins 2 times a year that contain vitamin A, E, ascorbic acid - Alphabet, Pikovit, Multi-tabs.

Conclusion

Now you know how important and useful vitamin E is for a child, and how to avoid vitamin deficiency.

Most people have heard or know that vitamin E is beneficial for the human body. This is the main antioxidant that enters the body with food and affects the immune system. Is it good for children? In this article we will tell you whether a child needs vitamin E and in what quantities.

How does vitamin E work?

This vitamin is scientifically called tocopherol - it is a fat-soluble substance. This means that if you take it on an empty stomach with just water, there will be no benefit.

When consumed sufficiently, it has the following effects:

• helps the functioning of the endocrine and cardiac systems;
• protects body cells from inflammatory processes;
• regulates oxidative reactions;
• normalizes blood clotting;
• supports immunity;
• increases endurance;
• protects red blood cells and strengthens the walls of the vascular system;
• has a beneficial effect on muscle functioning;
• Helps absorb vitamin A;
• increases the rate of tissue regeneration in case of damage;
• lowers blood sugar;
• normalizes the functioning of the reproductive system;
• eliminates cramps.

By consuming enough vitamin E, the child will develop fully, be active and healthy.

How much vitamin and who needs it?

For the normal development of a child’s body, it is important not just the intake of any vitamins, but their consumption in optimal quantities.

For children, the following daily amounts of vitamin E are established depending on age:

• up to one year of age - 3 mg/kg (3-4 IU);
• from one to three years - 6 mg (5-6IU);
• from three to eleven years - 7 mg (6-7IU);
• girls over eleven - 8 mg (7-8 IU);
• boys over eleven - 10 mg (9-10 IU);
• teenage children - 50-100 IU.

There are groups with an increased need for vitamin E. Children in this category include:

1. Premature babies - fat metabolism has not yet been established in their body, and tocopherol deficiency increases the risk of infections and damage to the retina.
2. Babies with congenital pathologies or gastrointestinal diseases that disrupt the absorption of nutrients.

Consequences of vitamin deficiency

A lack of vitamin E has serious negative consequences for the child's body, especially premature babies.

Among them it is worth mentioning:

• muscle weakness;
• hemolytic anemia;
• retinopathy of prematurity;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• double vision;
• growth retardation;
• poor eating habits;
• weight loss;
• ataxia of the trunk and limbs;
• dysarthria;
• retrolental fibroplasia;
• intraventricular and subependymal hemorrhages in newborns.

All of the above problems can be treated with timely administration of vitamin E for children in any form. In this case, you need to take into account that some breast milk substitutes may hinder the absorption of the vitamin due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in them. Also, some gastrointestinal diseases can cause poor digestibility.

Products containing vitamin

Against the background of vitamin deficiency and stimulation of the normal development of the child, it is necessary to pay close attention to the baby’s nutrition. The menu should contain foods rich in vitamin E and cover the daily requirement for it every day.

In the first stages of life, naturally-fed babies receive vitamin E from breast milk, while artificially-fed babies receive vitamin E from fortified formulas. At an older age - with the addition of complementary foods and when switching to regular food - drawing up the correct diet becomes relevant.

Children consume vitamin E in the following products:

• sour cream and dairy products;
• apples of all varieties;
• dried apricots and apricots;
• spinach;
• blueberries and sea buckthorn;
• potato;
• eggs;
• beef liver and beef meat;
• sea ​​fish;
• legumes;
• peanut butter and nuts, especially almonds;
• sunflower seeds;
• sprouted grain;
• unrefined vegetable oils.

You should know that a significant part of the vitamins is lost during heat treatment. Therefore, oils must be added to ready-made dishes, and nuts must be raw.

Release forms

All types of vitamin release are divided into:

• single-component, containing only vitamin E;
• multicomponent, including other additives (mineral salts and other vitamins).

The drug is available in several forms:

• syrup;
• liquid oil solution (drops);
• chewable lozenges;
• capsules.

Vitamin E drops for children are given from birth to three years of age, syrup - up to six years, and lozenges and capsules are perfect for children from six years of age.

Children who are weakened or often get sick are prescribed complex preparations in which vitamin E is combined with vitamin A and ascorbic acid. Effective representatives of this group of products are “Multi-tabs”, “Sana-sol”, “Vitrum”, “Supradin”, “Alphabet”, “Pikovit”.

Tocopherol is available in natural (labeled “d”) or synthetic (labeled “dl”) form, but its effectiveness in the first case is considered to be twice as effective. An oil solution of vitamin E can be given to children not only internally, but also used as an external remedy.

Who is the vitamin indicated for? Warnings and contraindications

Preparations where tocopherol is the main component are taken only as prescribed by a doctor and in the case of vitamin E hypovitaminosis, confirmed by a blood test.

The drug is indicated as part of a multivitamin in the following cases:

• ARVI and systematic colds;
• weight loss at an early age;
• unbalanced child nutrition;
• high physical activity;
• recovery period after illnesses;
• overwork;
• living in areas with unfavorable ecology and radiation conditions.

According to the instructions, vitamin E - or its complex preparations - should not be given to children if there is intolerance to any of their components. It is also not recommended to take such drugs for children suffering from iron deficiency anemia or poor blood clotting in order to avoid worsening their condition.

It should be remembered that an overdose of tocopherol can cause:

• failure in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• increased blood pressure;
• bleeding and bleeding;
• weakness;
• headache;
• muscle cramps.

How to take and overdose

According to the instructions for use, vitamin E is measured in drops for children using a pipette, and the child should chew or swallow capsules and lozenges during or after meals (preferably breakfast). It is imperative to follow the dosage recommended by the therapist.

If you consume vitamin E in excess, no significant changes in the functioning of the body will occur, since the excess amount of the substance will be excreted in the bile. But significantly exceeding the dose leads to digestive disorders, hormonal disorders, headaches, weakness, and blurred vision. If such symptoms occur, the tocopherol drug is discontinued and the child is shown to a doctor.

How to increase your vitamin intake

If a vitamin E deficiency is detected, the child’s diet must be adjusted taking into account the following conditions:

• take tocopherol exclusively after or during meals;
• Avoid eating very fatty foods;
• It should be taken into account that during long-term heat treatment, half the amount of vitamin in products disappears.

To determine how much tocopherol enters the body, a blood test is performed. With sufficient intake of vitamin E, plasma levels should not be less than 0.4 mg%. If the result is underestimated, the diet is enriched with appropriate products or the doctor will prescribe a drug for therapy.

Vitamin E is the most important substance for children and it is necessary to monitor how much of it enters the child’s body. It is important to remember that both a lack and an excess of this compound are harmful to the child’s body. With a sufficient supply of this vitamin, children develop normally, and their immunity is strengthened.